In relation to the legislation that has been enacted in Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia, in this presentation I offer a comparative reflection on language policy in three Andean-Amazonian countries. I will briefly review how the relationship between language, territory, and linguistic rights is expressed in the constitutional texts, laws, and linguistic policies of each country. Then I will focus on the case of Ecuador: questioning to what extent the communities of speakers of native languages respond to official language policies, particularly to the issue of territorialization. I present some ethnographic data collected during my stay in Ecuador in 2019, in relation to three scenarios: (i) the ‘Millennium Schools’, which have produced the displacement of students to urban centers and their consequent accelerated Hispanization and abandonment of their languages of first socialization; (ii) the case of the Kichwa speakers from the highlands who have migrated to Guayaquil, and who have been forming a Kichwa-coastal identity for political and educational purposes; (iii) the case of coastal students who come to the highlands to train as educators in the EIB (Intercultural Bilingual Education) system, and who, according to testimonies I have collected, dedicate themselves to learning Kichwa with less shame than their indigenous highland peers.